最近,K12在线教育行业又热闹起来。先是儿童思维教育产品提供商“百造学堂”获得了超出1300万元的Pre-A轮融资,投资方包括顺德双创公益基金会、道晟投资与连一资本,天使轮投资方华创天使基金跟投,该轮融资主要用于打磨儿童思维教育体系和研发、设计产品。
此外,互动教学平台服务商“锐学堂”也于近期获得了A轮战略融资数千万元,投资方为“好未来”,其前身是中小学培训机构“学而思培优”。该轮融资主要用于吸纳高级人才、增强产品深度互动、人工智能与大数据挖掘等方面。
这些融资都发生在今年。其实近几年来,“K12教育天花板已至”的声音甚嚣尘上。确实,这条赛道上涌入了太多的资本和机构,使市场和行业变得拥挤不堪,在此种情况下触达天花板也在意料之中。
不过根据《2019中国在线教育行业市场前瞻分析报告》来看,中国在线教育用户的规模会在接下来的几年保持15%的增长速度,到2024年将突破4亿人,总体市场规模将超出4500亿元。俗话说“水涨船高”,作为在线教育行业中的重要分支,K12教育的表现也相当顽强,即使在2015年增长率由此前的30%降到了21.4%,也仍然在2017年回升至51.8%,去年和今年更是增长迅猛、融资不断。
这看上去似乎有些矛盾。那么,K12在线教育为何会在触达天花板的状况下还能蓬勃发展?在K12行业不同的赛道和商业模式中,那一种才最可行?未来的K12在线教育究竟还有多少上升空间?
一、“教育经济”的火爆,催生了K12线上的多元赛道及商业模式
近来一部叫《小欢喜》的电视剧备受关注,该剧讲述了发生在几个家有高三学生的家庭的故事。高考,乃至高考前的12年,是多数中国家庭对孩子最为关注的时期。家长们为了不让孩子输在“起跑线”上,往往想尽各种办法,从衣食住行到兴趣爱好再到各个科目都要“干涉”甚至是包办。
在这里我们不去探讨这种“中国式家长”的做法是否正确,单说由此催生出的“教育经济”:为了孩子的教育,家长愿意投入更多的金钱和精力,自然也就催生出广阔的市场,吸引了资本和众多企业与机构的入局。而在线教育在互联网时代成了教育市场中不可忽视的组成部分,K12又成了在线教育中重要的细分领域。
从早期的“网校”到如今的在线学习APP,K12在线教育产品的形式不断变化。在这种变化的过程中,分化出了不同的赛道和商业模式。
最传统的是新东方、好未来、卓越教育这类老牌培训机构。发端于线下,拥有丰富的经验和完善的资源,业务水平熟练,整个链条已然成熟。在线上,这些传统巨头也有自己的业务,并且状况良好:新东方2016财年公司总营收为3.342亿元,净利润达到5955万元;2017财年其总营收为4.462亿元,净利润为9221万元,同比增长33.5%;好未来在2018财年第三季度,线下班级授课的培优占比73%,而线上的网校业务占比是7.8%,涨幅达175%。
这些成绩很大一部分得益于在线业务强劲且持续的盈利能力。在线教育的实质是将互联网与教育糅合在一处,所以从业者需面临互联网中获客成本高与教育行业中师资成本高的问题。这“两座大山”就足以让众多线上教育从业者感到压力倍增,不过对于新东方这种已在线下积累起良好口碑和雄厚师资的传统巨头而言则容易的多。不管是将原来线下的用户转化到线上,还是吸收新的线上用户,传统线下机构在线上教育市场竞争中都颇具优势。
与“传统”相对的自然是“新潮”。例如51Talk、掌门1对1等。与传统机构在线网校采取的“直播+录播”、“大小班”的模式不同的是,这些新潮的线上教育机构大都采用一对一的精准化互动教学模式,该模式也成为K12在线教育众多从业者的首选。这一赛道的优势在于对线上产品的开发和用户心理把控方面,该赛道中的机构多发端于互联网,对如何在互联网中运营颇有心得,但在资源和经验方面与传统赛道中的企业相比仍有所欠缺。
可以看到,传统与新潮虽然衍生出K12行业中不同的赛道和商业模式,但都遵循在线互动与视频教学的基本思路。除此之外,K12在线教育中还有一条“工具型”赛道。如作业帮、猿题库、学霸君等拍照搜题类的应用,包括上文中提到的锐学堂,都应用到了更多的图像识别、大数据、智能等科技元素,帮助用户答疑解惑,更有公司先以智能硬件吸引用户,再实现付费转化。
K12在线教育行业中存在着如此多的赛道,这些赛道又自然会衍生出不同的商业模式,要说孰优孰劣未免过于片面,只能说这是由一个巨大的且极富潜力的市场催生出的多元化业态。这当然与中国教育的大环境分不开,在当前的教育模式下,K12线上教育服务的需求量只会越来越大,就算是触达了天花板,也能在持续扩大的市场与新技术的加持下打破“壁垒”。
二、教育大环境使K12在线市场扩张,5G等新技术加持催生红利
近几年,“阶层固化”时常成为人们热议的点,而放到教育层面,就是“寒门难出贵子”。这主要是由于不同地区、不同阶层所占的教育资源不同,尽管我们向往“教育公平”,但中国目前确实还做不到这一点,大城市的孩子和山区的孩子接受的教育资源很难平等,当然不排除有极为勤奋或聪明的来自偏远地区的考生,但整体来看成绩仍差异巨大。
而线上教育的蓬勃发展则很大程度破除了这种局面。只要有互联网的地方,学生们所享受到的教学资源就是可以平等的。能够达到这种效果的在线教育产品,自然备受学生与家长的青睐。
说到中国家长,对孩子教育问题的关心程度大概在全球都要排在前几位。不少家长在孩子还未出生时就开始了“胎教”,孩子很小的时候就要被安排学习各种知识和技能,兴趣班、补习班一个都不能落下,只要是听说哪里有好的课程都会去听...
在80后、90后小的时候,必须风雨无阻地去各种补习班,其中存在着时间成本消耗高、安全问题令人担忧、非一对一课堂效果差等问题。而00后与10后就幸运得多,赶上了互联网普及的时代,能够享受到各种线上教育工具和服务,从课堂知识点到课后作业都有相应的产品,孩子和家长则可以根据自身不同的特点选择最合适的模式进行学习。
所以说,不管是传统巨头、1对1应用还是工具类产品都各有特点,也都发挥着不同的作用,不管在哪条赛道都有用户不断被吸引。从2013年到2016年,中国K12在线教育行业市场规模的增长率基本都保持在30%以上,2017年增长至51.8%,市场规模达298.7亿元,预计到今年年底能超过650亿元。而根据《2018中国K12在线教育消费者调查报告》显示,中国家长年平均投入在线教育的金额为6432.2元,其中小学家长年平均投入在线教育的金额超出了7000元。
但另一方面,天花板也确实存在,不过打破它的机会不只在行业本身去挖掘市场,也在于5G等新技术的加持。
自工信部给三大运营商颁发了5G商用牌照起,中国就已正式进入了5G商用元年。在5G“低时延、大带宽、广连接”的优势之下,在线教育将有着更为广阔的前进空间。超高的传输数据速率能够支持高清教学视频实时传输,在此基础上加上增强现实等技术,能让学生有很好的沉浸式体验,这相当于在线上教学中加入了线下教学的优点,如此一来在线上也能享受“立体化教学”。
随着5G的普及,它将覆盖到越来越多的区域,对于教育资源的公平分配有着极大的促进作用,既有利于提高教育资源的利用效率,也能推进消除地域教育不均衡的进程。
在教学的细化方面,人工智能同样可以起到不小的作用。例如通过AI去分析与拆解细微的知识点,这样能够更有效地帮助学生查缺补漏,对于学生补足知识缺陷与制定详细的学习计划都大有裨益。
目前正值暑期,K12线上教育行业中的各个机构也“战至正酣”:一方面是在不同的赛道中,凭借各自的优势与科技的加持在现有市场中激烈竞争,另一方面如同多数互联网行业一样寻找下沉市场。其实在行业几经洗牌之后,K12在线教育也快要走出迷茫阶段,今后的发展应该会更加顺畅。
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