近日,市场咨询公司IHS Markit发布了最新的5G行业报告,对5G时代运营商面临的挑战、NSA和SA之间的关系和演进、5G网络切片、MEC等技术进行了分析,并对5G时代主要设备供应商的竞争力做了解读。从报告管中窥豹,我们可以看到IHS Markit(以下简称IHS)对5G时代设备商格局的看法。
5G领先厂商
在报告最后一节,IHS以“5G领先厂商”为题,介绍了华为、中兴、爱立信、诺基亚通讯四家设备商的竞争实力。这是4G时代全球最大的四家设备商,可以看出,尽管5G时代不少厂商例如三星、一些IT厂商希望挤上这张方桌,但IHS仍然认可这四家在5G时代将占据主导地位。
对于爱立信,IHS评价,该公司已经推出8个5G商用网络,并公开宣布了另外21个新的5G商用部署合同,此外还帮助不少运营商推动LTE网络升级改造。爱立信是最早验证网络切片的厂商之一,2017年即与日本NTT docomo合作,创建了全球首个5G网络切片。
对于诺基亚,IHS着重介绍了其在全球最早商用5G的两个国家——韩国和美国市场所起到的作用。该公司宣布了45个5G商用合同,并表示其中约有一半是建立在其端到端的组合上,包括微波Anyhaul、云原生RAN和云原生核心。此外,诺基亚在OB-BAA和ONAP等开源组织中发挥着领导作用,并作为一家强大的光网络供应商从另一个方面推动着5G的发展。
对于华为,多项试验表明其领先的5G能力,有50个5G合同已经签署并公开宣布。华为倡导网络走向自动驾驶,并认为80%的移动网络运营商将开始大力投资网络自动驾驶。此外,华为在5G终端方面表现出色,已推出三款5G CPE,并将有四款5G终端在2019年下半年发布,包括一款折叠屏手机。
对于中兴通讯,IHS认为该公司不仅在中国市场,在欧洲市场也表现出色,凭借端到端的交钥匙能力,与Telefónica、Orange、WindTre、奥地利和记Drei等欧洲运营商展开合作,公开宣布了60家合作伙伴和25个商业合同。该公司是大规模MIMO技术的领导者和先行者,RAN和融合核心网持续保持创新,同时支持NSA和SA架构以及混合云部署。此外,中兴通讯也是领先的传输设备供应商,并为消费者提供了多样化的5G终端。
点名Massive MIMO和7nm芯片
这份报告尤其值得注意的一点,是对中国5G市场、中国5G供应商的技术进行了单独评价,表现出更大的认可。
对于中国市场,IHS认为,中国在5G时代首次成为最早开启商用的国家之一,且很可能通过庞大的部署规模,领先于其它市场。从2020年开始,中国将每年建设数十万乃至上百万个5G基站。此前在4G时代,中国建设的LTE基站总数达到400万个,占到了全球的一半以上,对其它国家市场以及行业供应链都带来了很大影响。
IHS还特地“点名”了两大5G技术创新:Massive MIMO和7nm芯片,华为和中兴通讯,均表现出色。
MassiveMIMO(多输入多输出),推出于2008年,是5G多项增强特性的重要组成部分,大大提高了信道吞吐量和频谱效率。IHS指出,大部分5G基站,可能超过90%将基于Massive MIMO,包括空分多址SDMA、波束赋形、动态资源分配和干扰消除。Massive MIMO的应用场景至关重要,而应用场景验证了设备商在该领域的研究和经验。值得一提的是,中兴通讯在4G时代率先采用大规模MIMO技术。中兴通讯和华为持续在这一技术上取得进展。
在核心芯片层面,IHS指出,华为和中兴通讯十多年来一直致力于设计自己的基带和无线电处理芯片组。经过几次技术迭代,一些芯片组基于7nm工艺设计制造,性能优异。这些努力已转化为具有竞争力的RAN产品,特别是在Massive MIMO和BBU能力方面。例如,华为的BBU5900和中兴通讯的BBUV9200是业界领先的BBU,容量非常大,吞吐量非常高。
应该来说,IHS的报告客观上反映出中国5G产业链这些年的努力,已经取得了丰硕的成果。而中国庞大而开放的5G市场,更是吸引了爱立信、诺基亚、华为、中兴通讯四大设备商战略投入,以及三星等更多厂商纷纷进场。展望未来,随着5G大规模推出,中国有可能推动全球5G生态系统和技术创新,加快5G商用进程。
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