近日,线上健身内容平台“TT直播健身”宣布完成近千万的Pre-A轮融资。该平台的内容以各类海外精选团课为主,形式主要是直播。此次的投资方为险峰长青,而在此之前该平台已经获得过来自梅花创投的天使轮融资。
近年来“互联网+健身”模式的平台与项目不断涌现,所获融资也基本都达到百万级和千万级。随着“全民健身”浪潮的普及,健身房也逐渐遍及全国各个城市。然而传统健身房在内容、服务、资源整合等层面均存在缺陷,而“互联网+健身”模式恰好能对这些缺陷加以弥补。因此,以互联网为基础的诸多新型健身模式得以普及,也吸引到资本的进入。
然而资本有其盲目性,在“互联网+健身”的繁盛表象之下,二者的结合并非表面看上去那般紧密,主要在于二者自身的特性中有诸多不易相融之处。不过这些问题也不是全然无解,在“互联网+健身”未来的市场趋势中,或许能够寻得破解之法。
一、东边日出西边雨,健身行业何以“冰火两重天”?
健身,是这个时代的鲜明特征之一。各种健身方式不断涌现,健身房成了一个好去处。笔者记得以前看过一则笑话,说现在的人出门就乘车,并且乘坐电梯到达健身房,然后在跑步机上挥汗如雨。
如今传统健身房的渗透率已经达到了一定程度,但最近两三年间却频频出现倒闭潮。
2017年,上海奥森健身40家门店接连关闭,负责人失联,几十万会员的几千万元会员费以及数千名员工的工资全打了水漂。
2018年,北京20家健身房在3个月之内歇业。
同年6月,知名健身连锁品牌浩沙健身一夕崩盘。浩沙健身成立于1999年,到2009年在全国已有86家门店,在最好的时候,浩沙单月门店总营业额曾经过亿。可即使是这样的传统健身行业的巨头,也陷入了关店、欠薪等一系列漩涡中,最终走向创始人跑路的惨淡结局。由于浩沙规模巨大会员众多,遍布全国多个省市,其倒闭成为了传统健身房沉疴集中爆发的典型代表。
这厢传统健身行业“阴雨连绵”,那厢具备互联网思维的新型健身机构却是如日中天,KEEP、悦跑圈、乐刻健身等相继出现,得到了用户与资本的青睐。
可以说“互联网+健身”模式的崛起确实在一定程度上冲击了整个传统健身行业,然而传统健身房倒闭潮的出现,主要还是因为其本身在商业模式、内容、服务等方面暴露出的问题。
在传统健身房中,“预付费”是常见的商业模式。这种模式主要通过“会员制”来实现,可以让商家短期内迅速积累大笔资金。这就让许多人都想开个健身房,然后捞一笔就撤,增加了传统健身房经营者“跑路”的风险。而且这种模式的盛行很容易使传统健身房对现金流依赖过度,表面看来是积累了资金,但是在器材、管理、物业等方面同样耗资不菲,而管理者容易因迅速积累的大量现金产生“错觉”,以至于最后资金所剩无几甚至负债。
许多人不愿意去传统健身房,其中一个原因就是到处都能看到热衷推销的私教与工作人员。为了增加新客源引入更多现金流,忽略了课程内容与运营,一味注重销售,极易降低用户粘性,久而久之用户留存率自然下滑。
在内容和设备上,许多传统健身房给人的感觉都是大同小异,差异化基本无法实现。然而健身这个行业从某种意义上属于内容产业,想要做好,不断引进新内容是要素之一。可传统健身房除了私教,就没有什么方法和渠道去满足用户的个性化需求了。即使是私教,业务水平也是参差不齐,加之以销售为主的传统健身房对私教有KPI考核制度,致使不少私教将重心放在拉新上,也就更无心于教学了。
如此因循守旧缺乏创新的传统健身房,又怎能长期留住用户呢?恰巧,“互联网+健身”在内容、商业模式、服务等方面能够填补传统健身房的不足。传统健身房门庭冷落已成定局,即使没有新模式的冲击也会如此。归根结底,是传统健身房“不思进取”,重销售而轻运营,对于健身这种长期坚持才能见效的领域而言,自然是难以留住用户的。
若是与传统健身房相比,“互联网+健身”模式下的机构与平台的优势则更加凸显,不论是内容的更新还是服务的细致程度,都比传统健身房要先进许多,因而新模式得以在短时间内迅速普及,并且获得资本青睐。
二、资本青睐热度渐高,“互联网+健身”优势显著
实际上,“互联网+健身”成为热点已经将近10年,这些年来屡有机构与平台获得百万级、千万级甚至亿级融资。
2015年11月,“古德体育”获得天使轮融资300万元,投资方是探路者旗下的基金探梦工场;
2016年9月,“轻加”获得B轮融资数千万元,由普华资本领投、360淘金跟投,“国民女神”高圆圆作为投资人跟投并与之达成战略合作关系;
2018年3月,知名跑步APP悦跑圈宣布完成1亿元人民币的C轮融资,由创世伙伴资本领投,华颖投资战略、亚商资本、广州九方企业管理跟投。
类似这样的投资案例还有很多,内容包括“互联网+健身”模式的线上应用、互联网技术、线下新型健身房等。
例如近年来盛行的个人健身工作室,经营者多半有传统健身房的工作经验,客户一是来源于此前的积累,再有就是被互联网点评导流过来的。看点评找服务是互联网时代的常态,而这类健身工作室便是其中的受益方之一。
与传统的健身房依靠健身器械等重资产相比,个人健身工作室内容细致、质量高、针对性更强,尽管不像传统健身房那样面面俱到,但在细分领域却更为擅长,依靠多年的从业经验和健身技术,加上互联网的导流吸引用户。
还有一种就是开在社区内的24小时自助式健身房。其面积小、分散程度高,让用户在家门口就可轻松健身。这对于惰性较强或是距大型健身房较远的用户是不错的选择,而且没有了令人烦扰的课程推销,用户也会感觉清净许多。
如果想要科学地进行自主健身,还可以结合线上APP使用。线上线下的结合,让用户能轻松完成咨询、课程预约、手机支付等一系列环节。而且与传统健身房相比,用户可更好地享受到个性化定制服务,价格也比传统健身房的私教课程低得多。
自由、灵活、便捷、有趣,这些属性共同构成了“互联网+健身”模式的优势,与传统健身房的缺陷相比,这些优势尤为突出。可以说是“互联网+”使健身模式得以重塑,在新的模式中,用户的需求以及运营和服务得到更多重视。
然而任何事情都存在两面性。实质上,“互联网”与“健身”真正的融合远没有表面上看到的那样紧密。说到底,互联网不过是工具,并不是什么行业沾上了互联网的边都能迅速与之结合的。
三、“互联网”与“健身”不易相融,但此问题并非无解
在互联网中,用户获得的价值随着用户总数的提升而提升,即边际收益递增。而用户获得所需价值的成本则随着用户总数的提升而下降,即边际成本递减。满足了这两点,用户与价值才能实现裂变式增长,也才能产生网络效应。
例如社交平台,每多一个新用户参与,其他用户都能获取更多信息,并且增加交流的机会,实现边际收益递增。而电商平台的崛起让用户能够看到更丰富的产品,并且通过去中介化,大幅降低用户购买商品需要花费的金钱成本。在电商平台中,用户还可以通过他人的评论更加迅速地找到适合自己的商品,实现了用户收益螺旋式递增,使得网络效应迅速扩展。
然而健身领域当前与互联网结合的一些点,却并未能很好地激发网络效应。
目前市面上有不少健身辅助产品或APP、都将“互动”、“PK”作为一大卖点,并且这种互动通常随着用户数的增多而更加活跃。然而健身的核心价值在于个体对运动的参与度,在于运动本身而非社交。
诚然,社交是多数互联网应用都热衷的因素,但在健身领域,这种互动无法实现边际收益递增,也就是说用户的增加并不能给运动本身带来显著的帮助。
此外,许多健身应用中都有免费的在线教学视频。能够降低运动门槛,创造出一定的价值。然而健身视频并不会因为学的人多就使个体获得的价值增加,于健身效果没有太大助益,无法产生显著的网络效应。
这些现象隐约体现出互联网与健身的不易相融之处。所谓的“互联网+”也不是连上一根网线就了事,对健身行业而言更是如此。但我们也不能由此就断言二者注定无法紧密融合,毕竟一切都在发展和改变,健身行业巨大的增长空间以及“互联网+”在其中的不断深化可能会让二者在未来结合得更好。
根据中国产业信息网的数据显示,2017年中国健身人口达到5.5亿人,占全国人口的41.3%,全国健身产业总产值约为1500亿元,近6年年均复合增长率为7.7%。预计到2020年,中国人在健身方面消费的总规模将达到1.5万亿元。
相对于欧美与日韩的健身市场而言,中国健身市场还远未成熟,这意味着其中仍有巨大的利润空间,在传统健身房衰落之后这个空间就更大。而“互联网+健身”除了保持当前的优势之外,还可以通过开发关联服务增加营收,如健身餐食、健身设备等。对于那些融合的不够紧密之处,可以在对需求的不断挖掘与技术、运营的不断进步中逐渐溶解。总之健身已成趋势,在全民健身热潮逐年高涨的中国市场,“互联网+健身”在用户的欢迎与资本的不断涌入中大有可为。
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