最近,抖音中的“时尚奶奶团”成了网络上的一大热点。四位老年人化着精致的妆容、身穿旗袍、脚踩高跟鞋,如专业模特一般的走秀和pose引来了大量的关注。许多网友称时尚奶奶团“颠覆了国人对中国大妈的印象”。
看到“时尚奶奶团”,我们在惊叹岁月的痕迹也可以让女人如此美丽之余,不禁也会对中老年网民的印象产生转变,既然有“时尚奶奶”,那就意味着会有更多的老年人关心时尚,关心我们认为他们不会关心的互联网中的领域。若是留心观察,会发现“银发人群(45岁以上的移动互联网网民)”正在逐渐渗透到越来越多的互联网应用中。
事实上,Mob研究院上个月发布的《2019“银发人群”洞察报告》显示,中国银发人群的移动端用户量已接近1亿。在中国社会老龄化现象逐渐严峻的背景下,银发人群的用户规模和互联网使用时长也迅速增长,在资讯、娱乐、社交等领域表现得尤为明显。
这种情况自然引起了互联网行业和资本的注意,但是想在互联网生意上从中老年人手里赚钱,却不似想象中那般轻松。因为既要考虑到自身的实力,又要顾及中老年网民的特性和“脾气”。
一、“银发人群”特点鲜明,网络中的“双重生活”成常态
现在,中国已经成为世界范围内老龄人口最多的国家。早在2016年,全国60岁以上的人口就已经超出2亿人,预计到2020年,50岁~75岁的人口数量将超过4亿人。
而根据QuestMobile在今年3月发布的《银发人群洞察报告》来看,移动社交的渗透率在这一群体中接近九成,月人均使用时长增长高于24%;电商领域,1000元以上的购物比重迅速攀升;移动资讯则占据了银发人群上网时长的15%,达到了通常情况的1.8倍。此外,短视频、音乐等应用同样在银发群体的互联网生活中占据了重要位置。
可以说,继“粉丝经济”、“单身经济”之后,“银发经济”正在成为互联网中不容忽视的新势力。不过在中老年的互联网世界中,一种有趣的现象正在出现。
对于年轻人早已驾轻就熟的应用,老年人通常不善于操作。相信许多人都有帮长辈网购、教长辈在网上买票或是使用移动支付的经历。作为年轻群体,我们能够对这些互联网中的新事物迅速接受,但对他们而言就没那么容易了。
这里面不仅是不会用的问题,更涉及到一种天然的“恐惧感”。例如长辈们在网购付款需要绑卡的时候,会担心这种方式容易遭遇骗局,把自己卡里的钱都卷走。网上购票虽然便捷,但长辈们很容易注册失败、操作失误,还会担心自己选错了日期和位置。一来二去,就不愿意再去尝试了。
虽然中老年网民的比例在逐年增加,但却因为缺乏必备的互联网知识,对互联网中的一些新应用接受程度慢,加之一些智能设备和移动应用操作复杂,因此银发网民对许多与互联网相关的新事物会产生一种抗拒甚至是恐惧,自然也就成了一般意义上被互联网主流世界客观“疏远”的群体。
但对互联网中的另一些应用,长辈们却能驾轻就熟。比如能够get到发红包、晒娃、获取鸡汤文等各种技能的操作方法;也能以极快的手速拼购成团,买到便宜的货品;既能在网上学到广场舞,也能对着小视频刷上个把小时。
“年轻人用QQ,老年人用微信”。这话看起来是对80后、90后成为“老年人”的一种调侃,但现在看来,真正的中老年群体确实已经成为微信用户中新的增长点。2017年底,微信上55岁~70岁的月活跃老年用户已经达到了5000万。2018年初,微信小程序用户中40岁以上群体的比例涨幅明显。此外,银发群体在拼多多、糖豆、支付宝、百度等应用中也同样活跃。
就这样,银发群体一边抗拒互联网中的一些新领域新应用,一边却又喜欢发鸡汤文、拼单、读新闻、看短视频,这些共同构成了银发群体在互联网中的“双重生活”。这种现象的普遍,与中老年群体固有的特点以及遇到互联网之后被激发出的特性相关,而许多互联网从业者和资本看到了其中的潜力,便纷纷涌入。
二、资本相继涌入,银发人群成互联网生意新蓝海
实际上,银发人群的上网偏好与其自身的特点有很大的关联。
银发人群由于成长年代和所受教育的特性,一般集体荣誉感较强,重视社会关系。在信息获取方面倾向时政、新闻等内容。对“权威”有很强的敬畏感和信任感,所以为何那些鸡汤文甚至谣言会在中老年的朋友圈中盛传,那是因为他们对网络这种信息渠道的权威性看得太重,把它们和传统的报纸讯息、电视新闻划了等号,因此深信不疑。
在人际关系方面,中老年群体的表达欲并不比年轻人弱,反而因为“落伍”的恐惧而更加强烈。但银发人群不会像年轻群体一样喜欢在网上与陌生人倾诉心事而和熟人疏离,长辈们更注重与家人和朋友之间的强联系。因而你会发现家庭群中活跃的往往都是长辈们,他们发着中老年人专属表情包,分享着生活中的点滴琐事还乐此不疲。
银发人群在社交上的这类需求需要熟人社交平台加以支撑,这也就是微信这类社交应用受到他们青睐的主因。他们需要靠微信维系熟人圈关系、与亲朋好友即时联系,并且通过公众号、小程序等获取更多资讯。这样看来中老年的互联网社交圈为“病毒式传播”提供了绝好的条件,并且能够更容易地针对中老年群体实现消费方面的转化与变现。
在学习互联网技能方面,银发人群虽有晚辈陪伴,但还是以自学为主。有近八成的中老年人认为阖家团聚十分重要,不过也能理解晚辈工作生活压力大不能时刻相伴的难处。然而情感终究还得有个寄托,互联网就成了一个重要的情感寄托之处。然而由于老年人受到的互联网培训以及自学时可能产生的偏差,使得他们并不能十分顺利地掌握一些上网技能,而且更易成为谣言、诈骗的受害者。
此外,由于银发人群对储蓄钱财、身体健康等方面的重视,理财、健康、养生等也成为其重点关注的领域,这些都可以成为中老年群体解决实际的硬性需求的一种方式。而社交、电商、短视频满足了银发人群对精神层面的“软性需求”,同样有着巨大的潜力。
巨大的蓝海让资本和应用都跃跃欲试。自2012年起,中老年互联网领域的社交、娱乐方面的创业公司就已经超过50家,电商超过20家。2018年,小年糕、糖豆先后完成C轮融资,后者融资总额已超1亿美元。
在银发经济领域,可查的融资案例156起。据估算,养老市场将在2050年以前达到万亿乃至百万亿的规模,前景相当广阔。可是如果你以为可以就此轻松地赚到中老年网民的钱就大错特错了,因为在一些条件的限制下,这条路也并不容易。
三、既精明又“吝啬”,银发网民的钱可没那么好赚
面对老龄化的趋势,养老产业愈加受重视。除了基本的衣食住行,银发人群精神层面的需求也同样应当受到关注。一直以来银发人群都非互联网用户的主流,所以在创业者和资本的眼中,这应该是一道很容易撕开的口子,可现实似乎并非如此。
对于那些大企业而言,想做中老年网民的生意并非难事。不过就目前的情况来看,热衷于此的还是中小企业居多,但这些企业实力并不雄厚,如何获取流量,如何选择货品与供应链,如何做好售后服务,每一关都是门槛。到头来搭建的电商平台可能不如微商和拼多多,做的资讯平台可能也改变不了中老年群体使用浏览器搜索的习惯。别看互联网在中老年群体中的渗透率没有年轻群体那么高,可中老年群体那种特有的“固执”,很容易让他们在认定某个平台之后,就很难去接受同类型的新的平台和应用了。
即使是那些已经获取了不少中老年用户的知名平台,在尝试转化和变现的道路上也并非那么顺利。以糖豆为例,尽管已成为中老年用户的聚集地,其首次转化的成功率也仅为万分之几。后来糖豆又尝试了课程付费,然而经过验证他们发现,“3元”就是中老年用户普遍为知识付费的最高门槛了。比起这一群体每年给保健品行业贡献的大批钱财,这点钱不值一提。
究其原因,银发人群更喜欢把钱花在“看得见”的地方,而互联网本身就有虚拟的特性,这是不可能让精明的大爷大妈们轻易掏钱的。千万别说银发人群的钱好赚,长辈们的精明与“吝啬”远高于我们的了解,如果不能精准地切中他们的需求,想挣这份钱是非常不容易的。
当然这也不是完全没有办法,其中的关键大概就在于要拿出“讨好”90后、00后用户的劲头,深入调查并且透彻分析银发人群对互联网的特质、需求和偏好。其实可突破的领域很多,可开发的应用也不少。重点是,对待银发群体也需要像对待其他年龄段网民那样同等用心,才有可能从互联网“银发经济”的蓝海中获得切实利益。
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