今日,在线少儿编程平台“编程猫”宣布获得C轮融资4亿元人民币。领投方为中俄基金,高瓴资本、南方传媒、赛富投资基金等共同投资,还有猎豹移动、清流资本等追加投资。此轮融资过后,编程猫累计融资达到10亿元,并将正式开始筹划在科创板上市。
计算机编程可谓是IT行业的基础工具,原本是大学才会开设的课程,可由于信息时代的迅速发展,人工智能、大数据等技术也加速普及,教育风向开始转变,编程似乎已成为21世纪的新型人才必不可少的技能。
于是本着教育从娃娃抓起的理念,“少儿编程热”在大江南北刮起了一阵“旋风”。少儿编程如此火热,与国家政策、人工智能等技术的发展态势以及由此引发的未来就业方向的转变有密切关系,当然还有中国家长那种“望子成龙、望女成凤”的迫切心理。
这样的热度引来了大批入局者与资本,但热度暴涨的同时,少儿编程中存在的诸多问题也浮出水面:噱头严重、师资匮乏、标准不明...这一系列问题都让少儿编程的规范程度跟不上发展速度。如果不能加以适当的控制与管理,那么“高烧不退”的少儿编程行业必然会使这些问题扩大化。
一、少儿编程海外受追捧,到了中国“火”烧得更旺
若要追溯少儿编程的起源,可至上个世纪60年代。MIT(麻省理工学院)的教授Seymour Papert专门针对儿童开发了一款图形化编程软件Scratch。儿童可通过这款软件写LOGO语言来控制“小海龟”的移动。虽然操作简单,但对提升儿童的独立思考和逻辑能力大有助益,后来在中国也广为应用。
1998年是美国少儿编程发展的分水岭。自这一年之后,美国有越来越多的家庭开始重视少儿编程,许多巨头都发现了其中的商机,乐高就是在那时推出了Mindstorms系列机器人,少儿编程在美国的商业化也由此加速。
到了2013年,移动互联网迅速催熟了美国的少儿编程市场,大量培训机构涌现,能够更好地满足用户的具体需求。就连美国前总统奥巴马也加入了提倡少儿编程的行列,认为少儿更早地学习编程,有助于美国在全球的科技竞赛中保持领先。
中国的少儿编程是由美国传入的,别看起步比美国晚,但劲头丝毫不落后。
与在美国的发展路径相似,少儿编程的火热离不开政策的推动。美国有奥巴马大力支持,中国有相关规章引导方向。在人工智能的赛道上,中国的人才相对短缺,根据美国加州数据公司Diffbot发布的报告显示,全世界人工智能相关的人才集中在美国的占总数的三分之一,而集中在中国的只有3.5%。对于这种情况,中国的一系列规定和措施陆续出台,自上而下地推动着少儿编程的发展。
2014年,浙江省将“信息技术”纳入高考选考科目;
2017年,国务院发布了《新一代人工智能发展规划》,要求中小学设置与人工智能相关的课程,推广编程教育;同年,浙江高考明确将信息技术学科(含编程)纳入高考的考试科目,北京、山东等教育大省也紧跟步伐;
2018年初,教育部在高中“新课标”中提升了编程、算法、人工智能、网络空间安全等方面的思维与知识面的考核标准;
今年,教育部在《2019年教育信息化和网络安全工作要点》中明确要求中小学阶段设置人工智能方面的课程,大力推广编程教学。
这一系列的举动都无不体现出中国对编程教育的重视以及对相关人才的强烈需求,也可以看作是对素质教育的一种完善。不过对于中国的家长而言,不管是素质教育还是应试教育,分数依然是最重要的。既然国家对少儿编程如此重视,考试要考平时还要学,那么寻找这类课外机构,将孩子送进去学习编程就成了令家长们相当上心的事情。
二、机构资本齐上阵,以致少儿编程“高烧不退”
众所周知,在中国,一旦学校开设什么课程,那么不论是出于自愿还是被家长“逼迫”,多数学生都逃不过“补课”的命运。而补课的地点多数都是校外的一些机构,这就给了创业者和资本很大的市场空间。
由于这自上而下燃起的“少儿编程热”,让不少公司、机构携手资本迅速抢占这一市场。2018年可谓少儿编程的爆发之年,上半年该领域的融资活动数量就比2016年和2017年加起来都要多,融资总额达到了12.38亿元左右,全年共获得50多笔融资,市场规模高达40亿元,学员规模增至1500万人。照此趋势发展,少儿编程市场未来5年的规模有望达到300亿元。
目前为止,少儿编程的市场中相关的企业和机构已经接近350家。其中编程猫、小码王、VipCode等都较为突出,而一些先入局的企业融资已经达到上亿级别,像红杉资本、真格基金、高瓴资本这种知名风投机构也都参与其中。
国家支持学校提倡,家长自然也就“跟风”。因为升学率对中国家长而言永远是第一要务,也是少儿编程机构与平台能打动家长的核心。在北上广这样发达的城市中,人们受教育程度偏高,对孩子的培养意识也更强,是目前少儿编程市场中潜力最大的客户聚集地。并且这种热度也正在下沉至二三四线城市,逐渐蔓延开来。
说到底,家长总希望孩子赢在起跑线上,甚至有许多人觉得,如果自家的孩子在人工智能时代里没掌握编程知识,就如同以前的文盲不识字一样。而更多催动这份热度的,是中国家长惯有的“焦虑”,不管你是否认同,它都是客观存在的。
从某种程度上来说,正是因为这种焦虑,这些少儿编程的机构才得到更多迅速发展的“养料”,再加上资本的“助燃”,最终将少儿编程推到今天这般火热的程度。以前的奥数,今天的编程,都是相似的发展路径,考学时多拿分、就业时占优势,最终的目的也是“殊途同归”。
编程被称为“21世纪的新英语”,可见其受青睐之程度。可在少儿编程“高烧不退”的同时,缺陷也逐渐显露。
三、师资匮乏标准未明,少儿编程也该“降温”了
少儿编程被称作“21世纪的新英语”,可见其受重视程度。可以肯定的是,少儿编程有诸多优点,编程热的出现是顺应潮流的,然而其中的问题也随着少儿编程的“高烧不退”浮出水面。
既然是教育,就需要有教师。可中国相关方面的人才本就紧缺,更别说是专门教授少儿编程的老师了。如今少儿编程机构一般会对教师进行短期培训,一个月上岗。然而问题是,现在的编程人才多会选择去就业条件好、薪资颇高的科技与互联网公司,凭着做少儿编程机构老师的工资,根本无法与前者争夺人才。
这种现象必然导致少儿编程机构的老师不够专业,都说老师有一桶水,才能倒给学生半桶水。可将一个不够专业的人仅用一个月的时间就快速培训成少儿编程教师,那么这样的教师恐怕自己都没有半桶水,又如何能教得好学生呢?
除了师资力量匮乏,做少儿编程生意想盈利也不是那么容易的。因为资本逐利又求快,少儿编程的获客成本居高不下。别看去年上半年那么多融资成功的例子,可线上平台获取一个用户的成本高达3000元,亏损成了家常便饭。
而线下的日子同样不好过。目前少儿编程机构多采取加盟的方式扩大布局,然而即使企业尽力帮助,绝大多数部分都要靠加盟商自身的力量。这种方式能够加快少儿编程企业资金回笼的速度,避免其负荷重资产,然而品质无法保证,没有明确的标准,如何保障师资力量?更有一些少儿编程品牌根本没有经营备案,也让加盟商在耗时耗力的前期投入之后不知如何继续。
此外,少儿编程虽然很火热,但是与乐器、书法等已经成熟的课外辅导领域相比,家长和学生还是会优先选择后者。与其他K12领域相比,少儿编程在争夺用户方面并无优势。即使是少儿编程热度高涨,恐怕也难敌那些已经在几代人的青少年时期留下深刻印象的课外补习科目。
根据经验,编程教育或者说任何一种教育当然是年龄越早效果越好。赢在起跑线固然没错,但如果因为一些潮流甚至是噱头就盲目跟风,那就和以前的“奥数热”一样。现在我们知道,奥数的属性决定了它并不适合所有孩子,但却被过度宣传,相信那些年有许多人都感受过奥数的煎熬,最后又有几个真正借此拿到高分找到好工作的?多的不过是资本和机构获得的巨大利益罢了。
其实追逐热度无所谓好坏,如果少儿编程以一个正常的速度发展,给许多对人工智能、大数据方面感兴趣的孩子提供一个学习的机会就是好事。但物极必反,如果这一行业发展速度过快,可能就会走上一种不正常的方向,这对教育、市场与资本都没有好处。
因此少儿编程行业自身还需继续发展逐渐成熟,而相关部门也应该出台一些标准加以规范,最重要的是入局者应该更加谨慎,家长应该根据实际情况理性选择少儿编程课程,而非盲目跟风,最好是让少儿编程成为孩子真正的兴趣所在,而非资本牟利或是“压迫”孩子的工具。
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上一篇 For those of you in existence seeking an excellent marriage-promotion, then you certainly need to know what is the best online dating site for relationship. Here, I will be discussing the best dating sites and how they can assist you in finding your soul mate. Following are 3 questions that you should become asking yourself: Just how is he? - This question is critical once seeking a relationship having a special person. Is this person someone who could be good for me? -- This is the second important question to inquire yourself. It is essential to determine set up person you are fascinated to is someone you can really get along with. To be able to love someone is all about receiving him/her for the purpose of who they are but not letting your opinions or beliefs control. The third dilemma that you need to ask yourself: "What is the best dating site for marital life? " is absolutely critical. You need to identify whether or not the site is trusted or certainly not. You can also take a look at some of the products and services that are available over the different sites to determine which ones will probably be worth it. Who are able to I find on the webpage? - There are many different options that you have got available on the Internet. If you would like to meet mail order brides from syria people, then you can certainly choose to visit a singles' golf club or a single's forum to look for others who also are in the same position as you. Know what sort of people are on the webpage. Look at the webpage to see if presently there will be any forums that offer distinct forms of relationship advice. If you realise that there are a good amount of opportunities on the website, then you need to ask yourself how long have you been searching for the perfect person? How does this website actually do the job? - Before you start trying to find people, you must know that many within the dating sites are in reality better than others. The problem is they can often present little in the form of effective marriage advice. Keep in mind, you need to take into account that a great site doesn't necessarily mean that it is going to make you fall in love with someone quickly. If you have virtually any questions regarding precisely what is the best seeing site with respect to marriage, then you certainly should definitely go searching online and learn more about the different dating sites that are available. You may either look over sites that you might already work with on a regular basis, or else you can look in them all together to see if they may have anything valuable to offer. It is very easy to choose what type of web page to use when you have already determined a few distinct dating sites which can be worth looking into.