在11月17日举行的2019年第四届中国新文娱·新消费年度峰会上,阿里巴巴集团副总裁、优酷COO庄卓然发表了题为《请回答,2019》的演讲,在演讲中他提到“善用技术,能将内容生产者的精力解放出来,投身到更不可替代的创造中去。可以预见5G时代,随着内容与科技的融合,网生内容形态将迎来真正的爆发。”
近年来,越来越多的内容平台谈及技术对产业的赋能。其中既有腾讯视频、爱奇艺、抖音、快手等视频平台,也有今日头条、百家号、企鹅号等资讯平台。这些平台都在尽力以新技术为内容创作者提供更多便利,希望可以使创作者们将有限的精力更多地投入到内容创作中去。
但是当技术足够发达之时,创作者们可能会因过度依赖技术而偏离轨道,在技术的帮助下习惯“偷懒”,反而不去注重本该注重的内容。然而技术的发展又是必然的,是不可阻挡的,那么在下一个阶段,到底是“内容为王”还是“技术为王”呢?
一、内容平台用技术赋能,却让创作者过度依赖?
对于内容平台而言,内容应该是它们得以生存发展的核心。不过近两年来,许多内容平台却开始注重技术,各家平台都在尽可能地利用现有的技术,给创作者提供更多便利。
今年7月,腾讯视频发布了“互动视频技术标准”,推出一站式互动视频开放平台。该标准为内容创作者提供了从互动视频理念到创作流程再到使用流程的一系列详细指引,让创作者和开发者能通过互动视频平台实现一站式的互动内容生产、创作、发布和数据监控。
对于普通创作者,腾讯视频会提供通用的互动组件和创作平台,让创作者可以自由编辑互动故事线,无需技术开发即可使用通用的互动模版,在最短的时间内完成一部互动剧的创作及发布。而对于具备了一定技术能力的创作者,腾讯视频会提供API(应用程序编程接口)、SDK(软件开发工具包)及相关功能,让创作者可以在内容中加入更多自定义的互动玩法。
而爱奇艺在2018年开启了网络电影前期评估服务,利用大数据和AI为片方降低风险。截至目前已评估了2570个前期项目。此外,爱奇艺还开放数据,在内容创作、运营、营销等重要环节上为合作方赋能,免除创作者的后顾之忧。
今年7月,爱奇艺将原有的营销分成升级为营销分成和联合营销,组建看片机制,利用大数据为一些重点的视频项目提供一对一营销方案指导。此方案实施之后,爱奇艺下半年上线的A级影片较上半年平均播放量提升了35%,营销分成提升了36%,用户观影意愿提升了300%。
在技术方面,爱奇艺加入了智能卡段等技术。通过智能卡段可以截取直播和长视频内容自动生成短视频,帮助内容创作者实现短视频的高效生产,在众多信息流中获得更多曝光和分发,实现收益的增加。
此外,爱奇艺还根据AI技术与信息流的结合提出赋能内容创作者的几个维度:包括从用户在平台上的行为挖掘用户意图;根据关系图谱、搜索指数等标准来加深对内容的理解;利用AI了解内容的多个角度,帮助创作者进行内容生产;在内容理解智能技术与推荐算法的大数据分析之下,将创作出的内容精准地推荐给目标用户群体,从而实现生态赋能。
除了传统的长视频平台,风头正劲的短视频平台也在通过技术为创作者提供便利。8月24日,抖音在首届创作者大会中上线了“创作者服务中心”,该中心为创作者提供了数据看板功能,让创作者及时掌握作品的反馈情况,以便根据反馈对自己的内容进行优化。
百度旗下的“好看视频”则可以借助AI形成独有的视频指纹,进行原创认定和重复性检索,以保证原创者的权益。并且百度还在好看视频中加入了由视频场景识别、视频人体分析和视频动作生成的BADA技术,将模板中的肢体动作”复制“到创作者自己的视频中去,进行替换和生成,这也是技术赋能内容创作的一种新思路。
可以看到,对于技术赋能内容这件事,互联网中的内容平台大多都非常热衷。爱奇艺CEO龚宇表示“希望利用互联网AI、5G、虚拟现实等技术,使用户获得快乐的成本更低、更便捷”,而优酷COO庄卓然说:“随着互联网、云计算、大数据、机器智能的发展,整个文娱产业将迎来新一轮的升级”。
在足够发达的互联网基础上,中国的内容产业面临着新的升级机会。根据现状和相关数据来看,新机会可能在下一阶段“井喷”,而想要抓住机会点,技术赋能内容创作似乎是一条不错的发展路径。因为技术可以通过各种方式,为创作者提供更加便捷的创作途径,就像庄卓然说的那样“让创作者们将有限的精力更多地投入到内容创作中去”。
然而事实真的会如预想中那样发展下去吗?内容平台对技术的追逐,初衷固然是正面的,但在这一过程中其实可能隐藏着弊端,尤其是对内容生产者而言,这样面面俱到的全方位技术赋能如果毫无节制地继续下去,可能会“唤醒”内容生产者的惰性,甚至使之失去产出优质内容的激情与活力。
二、技术虽好但不可“为王”,创作的落脚点应是“内容”
为何平台热衷于以技术赋能内容?因为技术可以让创作者生产内容的过程更加便捷,让内容更加符合用户的需求,生产出的内容又能通过新技术精准地分发给不同的用户群体。
如果创作者能够通过新技术更快地制作出内容,那么内容的数量积累到一定的程度就可能产生质变:吸引更多的用户,促使内容平台活跃度提升,变现的基础也就更加广泛。因此在内容平台竞争激烈的当下,保证内容产出的数量相当重要。
此外,当互联网中内容的数量呈几何级倍数增长时,用户就不再被动地被分割碎片化时间,而更倾向于主动将更多的注意力投入到自己感兴趣的内容上去。所以如何将不同的内容精准地推送到不同的群体面前,也需要技术辅助才能更好地完成。
基于这些因素,创作者需要更快地创作出新内容,并且保证这些内容能够及时推送给合适的用户群体,满足这些条件,创作者和平台的盈利空间才会不断增加。而技术在满足这些条件的过程中能够起到极为重要的作用,所以我们可以看到各种内容平台在不断推出可以方便内容创作者的功能和模块。
然而这些与技术有关的努力未必会如预想中那样起到完全正面的作用。
例如腾讯的互动视频技术标准目前已经相当不错,并且会越来越完善。按照这种趋势发展下去,到最后可能创作者只需要找一些素材加进去,之后的流程都可以由技术自动完成。那么作为创作者,很可能随便找些素材草草应付,反正后面的事情都可以交给技术搞定。即使最终产出的内容质量并不那么上乘,但技术总能找到可以分发的群体,最终这个不怎么样的互动视频依然可以获利。
再如爱奇艺在内容生产、制作、营销等方面加入了诸多新技术,可以通过AI从各个角度加深对用户喜好的了解,而抖音则提供了数据看板功能,让创作者及时了解用户偏好。加入这些技术的本意是好的,但内容创作者很可能根据这些技术所提供的数据而刻意去迎合用户,制造多数用户感兴趣的内容。
然而作为一个内容生产者,一味以用户的喜好为创作标准是错误的。这一点看看娱乐圈就能知道个大概,那些当红的年轻一代的明星,有唱功和演技能够达到一定标准的,但也有不少人是因为掌握了很好的资源和渠道,靠炒作红起来的,而这类明星不乏追捧者,甚至某些明星的粉丝群体数量令人“叹为观止”。
由此可以看出,被许多人喜爱的未必就是高质量的,所以作为内容生产者就更不能被大众的喜好左右。尽管许多内容生产者的创作过程与成品还达不到“艺术”的高度,但想要制作出优质的内容,同样需要足够的动力和创意。然而在技术赋能之下过于“舒适”的创作环境,很可能让创作者对“何为优质内容”的认知偏离正轨,陷入到过度迎合用户喜好的怪圈,难以创作出真正的优质内容。
内容平台用技术为创作者赋能,这本是好事,但技术赋能也需掌握好“度”。否则容易形成“技术崇拜”的风气,从而忽略内容本身的发展。另外,内容创作者对于不断出现的新技术,也需要一定的时间加以学习和适应,这样反而会分走本应集中在内容创作方面的精力。而技术的发展是永无止境的,如果在赋能方面无度,就很可能分散创作者更多的精力,并使创作者形成对技术的过度依赖。
从传统的纸质时代到PC时代再到如今的移动互联网时代,内容的生产在技术的加持下看似愈加容易,但我们似乎忘记了内容创作本身从来都不是易事。为什么技术成熟了,可优质的内容却越来越难找?就像我们看影视作品的时候,会感慨为什么特效变好了,拍出的烂片数量却增加了?
创作本就不易,如果过度依赖数据,依赖用户喜好,依赖技术的帮助,那么又何谈创作?何谈用心的作品?更遑论产出高质量的内容了。可见“技术为王”并不那么正确,技术的进步对内容的创作起到的应该是辅助作用,而“技术为王”则是本末倒置,在互联网中,“内容为王”依然是真正的“王道”。
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