近日,顺丰的外卖平台“丰食”以微信小程序的形式上线。该平台是由顺丰“同城一站”团队推出的面向企业的送餐服务,这可以看作是顺丰正式进入外卖领域的标志。
对于进入外卖领域的举动,顺丰方面给出的解释是“只是为了帮助大家解决吃饭的问题”。疫情期间不少企业陆续复工复产,员工就餐确实是个大问题。不过除了这个目的,顺丰此举与其企业发展状况与整体布局同样关系密切,从本质上来看,杀入外卖领域是顺丰从单一物流公司向基于物流的“综合服务公司”转型的实践。
实力决定眼界,作为快递界的巨头,市值超过2000亿元的顺丰自然不甘心只做“快递员”。顺丰的转型早已开始,但一路之上也多有坎坷。不过顺丰一直没有放弃,对于每个新机会依然想要牢牢抓住,因此外卖行业也是顺丰转型计划中的一部分。
尽管此前顺丰的计划实践之后大多不顺利,但与其“一脉相承”的进军外卖市场的举动成功的几率或许能大一些,顺丰“团餐”的切入点与如今市场中的其他外卖巨头实现了差异化,而团餐市场的前景也是可以期待的。不过顺丰要想在外卖领域做长久,恐怕还需要付出更多的努力。
一.顺丰“转型”之路坎坷,入局外卖不仅为“解决吃饭问题”
顺丰的转型之路始于2010年,从最初的电商平台“顺丰E商圈”到“明星项目”顺丰优选,再到O2O社区店“嘿客”和“丰趣海淘”,顺丰似乎每次都抓住了最前沿的商业模式。
由此看来,顺丰的布局不可谓不广泛,眼光亦不可谓不长远。可现实往往残酷,在转型实践之路上,顺丰还是遭遇了诸多坎坷。
2010年8月,顺丰推出了首个电商平台“顺丰E商圈”,主要售卖食品以及少量的3C产品,配套的还有顺丰的支付平台“顺丰宝”,然而结果并不理想,上线没多长时间就以失败告终。
然而顺丰并不打算放弃电商这块大蛋糕。之后,定位中高端市场、主打生鲜和进口食品的“顺丰优选”很快推出,对于这个项目,顺丰掌门人王卫当时信心十足,并认为这一项目“只能成功不能失败”。
从表面上看,这的确是个好机会。当时生鲜生意是电商不敢轻易触碰的,因为全程冷链物流系统相当复杂,且投入高管理难,一般电商没有能力和勇气去完成。顺丰在物流方面布局多年,所以有天然的优势,这也是让王卫信心满满的重要原因。
然而电商和物流终究是两码事,电商的关键在于如何用最低的成本获取最多的流量,尽管顺丰的物流体系强悍,但物流侧重的是供应链后端,而电商则需深谙用户的消费行为以及仓配、品控等诸多环节。
而顺丰初涉电商领域,对导流、如何做品控等了解的不够深刻,对于电商所需的全方位把控显得心有余而力不足,而且当时顺丰过于重视线下,导致亏损严重。后来顺丰将优选业务的模式从直营改为加盟,但为了保证服务质量而有意控制流量,使得本就流量不足的平台每况愈下。
即使如此,顺丰依旧坚持“转型”之路:2014年,顺丰推出O2O社区店“嘿客”,希望解决当时流行的“最后一公里难题”,然而用户线上下单线下还要自己去取货,最后仍以失败告终;2015年,顺丰推出了跨境电商平台“丰趣海淘”,但还是与之前一样缺乏仓配和品控经验,导致假货出现、退货困难等问题凸显;在此之后,顺丰又推出了无人货架“丰E足食”、全球精选店“WOW哇噢”等业务。
直到今天,顺丰的这些业务有的已退出舞台,有的还在不温不火地坚持,还有的拖累了顺丰的主营业务。有人形容顺丰的转型之路是“一个风口都没错过,一朵浪花也没激起”,如今提起顺丰,外界对其定位依然是“快递公司”。
现在顺丰又将目光投向了外卖行业,或许这是出于顺丰不断尝试新鲜的惯性,但更多的是顺丰不得不走这条路。尽管顺丰是快递界的巨头,但这两年“面子”不如“里子”,现在说起顺丰市值2000亿元听上去很牛,但在2017年顺丰市值曾超过3000亿元。后来股价持续走低,导致现在的状况。而顺丰最新财报显示,其一季度净利润9.07亿元,同比下降28.16%。
顺丰之所以如此,与其一直想成为“综合服务公司”密切相关。那些年的新业务尝试不是没有代价的,它们烧掉了顺丰大量的现金,迄今为止那些不温不火的业务还在让顺丰亏损。
顺丰财务方面的窘境从此前丰巢快递柜超时收费的新规也能感知一二:上个月丰巢快递柜正式宣布 “超时收费”办法:“超过12小时,每12小时收取5毛钱,3元封顶”,引起了网民们的热烈讨论,许多人质疑此规定的时限不合理,并带有一定强制性。
如果从顺丰的整体状况考虑,出台这一规定除了起到督促用户及时取件的作用,也是顺丰增加收入的新渠道,或许能在一定程度上缓解顺丰财务紧张的境况,但也可以看出顺丰出台的这个规定欠考虑,说明顺丰对于缓解财务紧张一事是相当急迫的。
当然靠快递柜收钱绝非长久之计,丰巢已发表了公开信表示会重新审视加强与用户沟通工作,并面向用户推出“2小时内取件得2元红包,4小时内取件得1元红包”的新规。可顺丰也要“恰饭”,此前的业务相继失败甚至成了顺丰的负累,于是顺丰此次将目光投向了快递领域。那么这一次,顺丰又能否摆脱“一转型就失败”的“魔咒”呢?
二、外卖业务有望摆脱“魔咒”,但顺丰仍不可掉以轻心
在外卖市场,早有美团、饿了么占尽先机,几乎是瓜分了外卖市场。不过这二者都侧重于个人外卖市场,而顺丰则另辟蹊径,以“团餐”为切入点。
团餐,顾名思义,即为群体提供餐饮服务。若是追根溯源,中国的团餐已经有半个世纪的历史了,从计划经济时代的“大锅饭”到改革开放之后公司制和写字楼的崛起,提供专业团餐服务的第三方公司也逐渐出现,但由于大批量、长周期的服务方式,以及面向B端的群体服务属性,加上非市场化竞争的准入机制造成的“关系大于能力”的乱象成为团餐行业的痛点。
以上种种使得中国人提到团餐,就往往将其与“贵”和“难吃”挂钩。学校食堂、企事业单位餐厅、交通工具上的盒饭通常被认为在“填饱肚子”之外一无是处,所以偶尔看到一些新型企业为员工提供的美味食堂的福利,都会引得许多人羡慕不已。
但痛点同样意味着商机。其实即使是传统的团餐市场,也是一块令人垂涎的大蛋糕:2017年,中国餐饮行业总体增长率为10.7%,同期团餐市场年增长率达20%;而中国烹饪协会发布的《2018年中国团餐行业研究报告》则显示,2017年团餐市场份额占总体餐饮市场的28%,总营收高达1.19万亿元。
近年来,随着互联网思维的渗透和餐饮供应链改革,团餐市场也出现了巨大的转变。许多单位都选择点外卖,或者选择更有服务能力的第三方来承包团餐业务,人们对团餐的要求也从“饱腹”上升到对色香味及安全的多维度考量。
所以顺丰选择以“团餐”切入外卖市场是相当明智的。
一方面可以避免与已有的外卖巨头的“强项”正面交锋。
如果顺丰也像美团、饿了么那样主打个人外卖,那么胜率则会降低很多:口碑和信任感不是一天积累出来的,已经成型的局势和成熟度较高的外卖行业格局也不是能轻易动摇的。而团餐领域不同,迄今为止业内还缺乏一个独角兽,市场规模大前景广阔,顺丰由此入手胜率会提升很多。
另一方面也可以满足消费者对团餐日益复杂多元的需求,并且在价格上具备优势。
尤其是近来受疫情影响,团餐需求更为旺盛。根据艾媒咨询的数据显示,2019年中国团餐市场规模达1.5万亿元,占整个中国餐饮市场的33.23%,预计2020年中国团餐市场总规模将达到1.69万亿元,在整个中国餐饮市场的占比将提升至35.65%。
在这种情况下,顺丰入局很合时宜。而且顺丰也像其他巨头刚“出道”时一般打起了“补贴价格战”:在“丰食”应用界面中有“瓜分500万”的活动,用户可通过“邀请企业入驻”和“我要推荐企业”页面推荐企业,成功之后推荐人将获取1元奖励,而被推荐的企业如果在6月30日之前在“丰食”中消费满1000元,推荐人还可另获500元奖励。对于企业而言,在订餐方面消费1000元不是难事,所以说这个奖励相当诱人,也能促使顺丰的外卖业务更好地传播,有利于在后期获取更多利益。
由此看来,顺丰外卖业务有望摆脱其此前转型的“魔咒”,前景可期,不过顺丰还是不能因此就掉以轻心。
疫情总会过去,届时顺丰的团餐外卖业务想要持续,就要想办法保证菜品和服务质量,提升用户粘性。现在饿了么也在深耕企业订餐业务,而且规模巨大的团餐市场将来必然也会吸引更多企业进入,竞争必然加剧,因此不能放松。
此外现在不少传统的知名餐饮巨头都直接与企业客户签约推出团餐服务,这也会成为顺丰团餐外卖的压力。不过“丰食”也已吸引了云海肴、吉野家、老娘舅、俏江南、和府捞面等近百家餐饮企业入驻。加之顺丰在与外卖有相通之处的快递行业多年的积累,顺丰的“团餐”外卖业务总体上应该会很靠谱。
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