最近,西瓜视频和B站之间的火药味愈加浓重。起因是B站知名UP主“巫师财经”在微信公众号上发布了告别B站的视频,然而B站方面却表示这是“巫师财经”单方面违约,是因为有其他视频平台挖角。此后双方各执一词矛盾升级,事件持续发酵。
不少圈内人士表示挖角的视频平台就是西瓜视频,更有消息称西瓜视频给了“巫师财经”高达七位数的独家签约费用。此消息并未得到证实,但西瓜视频挖角B站的举动早已频频出现,B站知名UP主“敖厂长”、“渔人阿峰”、“老四赶海”等都纷纷出走B站投向西瓜视频的怀抱。
西瓜视频能够如此“凶悍”,主要就是因其背靠头条系,能够提供给内容创作者足够的资源,这是头条系一贯擅用的方式,也使得西瓜视频看上去无往而不利。然而B站也不会轻易被冲垮,因为B站多年累积下来的一些固有优势是西瓜视频无法比拟的,并且不是靠砸钱砸流量和挖角就能超越的。
而对于B站来说,西瓜视频的攻势或许是一次绝佳的“试炼”时机,倘若利用得当,B站或许能够“遇强则强”,探索出一条既能够防得住对手的进攻,又能让未来更加宽广的道路。
一、西瓜视频“猛砸”资金与流量,B站“用爱发电”已过时
背靠字节跳动这棵“大树”,西瓜视频不仅是好乘凉,还拥有足够的资本进行开拓及扩张。在西瓜视频给出的独家内容协议中,头部阵营中的内容创作者的价格能够达到八位数,并且还包括抖音等头条系多平台流量扶持的承诺以及保底商单分成,同时创作者的产出内容还能加入算法推荐机制。
B站游戏UP主“水濑”曾在接受《时代周报》的采访时表示,过去几个月经常收到西瓜视频运营人员的私信,对方承诺会让他的收入“比之前增加10~20倍,并且享受众多推荐权益及抖音平台的流量扶持”。
可见在挖角UP主方面,西瓜视频出手的确相当“豪横”。西瓜视频之所以如此热衷于从B站挖角,是因为字节系擅长的是大手笔投入高产出,但在内容方面往往是机构偏多,所以西瓜视频希望能够得到更多在内容方面个人风格强烈的创作者,而B站恰好有许多这样的UP主。
况且视频内容创作领域的头部圈子本就不大,优质的创作者就那么几个,哪个平台都想挑好的收入麾下,那么挖角之类的事就不可避免。像知识区这种新兴的又容易吸粉的领域创作者就更少,而“巫师财经”这类在知识区领衔的创作者,符合字节跳动内部对内容的导向,被西瓜视频看上也在情理之中。
B站UP主被西瓜视频挖角屡屡成功的另一个重要原因就是B站“用爱发电”的传统已经过时。早期的B站靠二次元起家,通过ACG文化聚拢了一批忠诚度极高的用户,大家发自内心地想要将势单力薄的“小破站”建设得更好,于是众多UP主也创作出了各种有趣的消解主流的内容,“元首”、“意大利炮”、“丞相与王司徒”这些只有B站用户才懂的梗也成为用户寻找同道中人的“暗语”。那时的B站虽然没钱,却有着极强的用户黏性,UP主们虽然没什么收入,创作热情却高涨且持续。
然而作为一个平台,想活下去必然要“恰饭”,因为足够的资本才是B站得以继续发展的必要立项。于是B站开始努力在商业化的道路上前进,曾经的B站是用户喜欢什么就有什么,可在B站“破圈”之后似乎不那么能顾及老用户的感受了。
B站想要吸引更多圈层的用户,因为这样更利于商业化,但是在内容方面就不可能像过去那样“纯粹”,必然要以牺牲老用户的体验为代价,就像有的老用户所认为的“B站如今的流行文化挤占了小众文化生存空间”,但如若不加入这些,就无法实现商业化的目标。
在生意场上,利益当前,情怀是要让一让路的。不过B站在对待内容创作者方面,似乎还是停留在“用爱发电”的时期。即使是名列“百大UP主”的头部阵营创作者,在B站也还是会为“恰饭”发愁:“百大UP主”之一的“徐大SAO”曾公布自己在B站的收入,一条播放量过千万的视频,B站官方给予的“激励收益”仅为4800元,而另一位UP主“机智的党妹”也表示在B站的大部分收入来自推广合作,但也并不稳定,所以“时刻准备着饿死”。
相比之下,西瓜视频类似YouTube的分成逻辑能够给到内容创作者更高的收益。创作者可以拿到平台的广告收益,这部分收益与创作者自身的广告合作和电商收入也不冲突,而且对于新手西瓜视频的扶持力度也更大。
此外,西瓜视频背后的资本力量也相当强大。今年1月,字节跳动通过子公司量子跃动完成了对MCN机构“风马牛传媒”的投资,持股比例达到25%,西瓜视频总裁张楠代表量子跃动出任新增董事。而B站知名UP主“渔人阿烽”、“老四赶海”均出自这家MCN机构。
这样一来这些UP主“跳槽”到西瓜视频的举动也就不难理解。相比之下,B站“用爱发电”的模式在平台趋向商业化之后越来越难以留住创作者。西瓜视频可谓来势汹汹,在资金和流量的“猛砸”之下,创作者很容易动心。
B站则在商业化的道路上尝试各种领域,游戏、直播、电商等都有涉及,然而不管在哪一个领域尝试变现,都会遇到强劲的对手,B站想要囊括的种类太多,阵线拉的很长,反而导致其并没能在任何一个领域特别出彩,加之头条系的西瓜视频横冲直撞相当凶悍,B站所要承接的这波“攻势”是相当猛烈的。
二、B站不会轻易被“攻陷”,反而可能遇强则强
对手凶猛,B站自身也存在一些问题,但这并不代表B站会被轻易“攻陷”。尽管西瓜视频背靠头条的资金、流量、渠道、算法等优势,但B站用户黏性高、互动氛围良好并且对特定文化有较高的包容度,这些优势是西瓜视频短时间内无法比拟的,并且不是能靠钱和资源砸出来的。
此种氛围也是让B站受到内容创作者青睐的重要原因。许多UP主都是从B站成长起来的,他们舍不得也离不开B站的氛围,但西瓜视频开出的条件很诱人,他们又不得不去考虑实际的利益。
于是不少内容创作者开始两边兼顾,虽然在西瓜视频能得到不少好处,但在B站,有名的UP主产出的内容依然可以获得高且稳定的曝光量,例如“敖厂长”的内容在西瓜视频平台的播放量“忽高忽低”,好的时候能有五六十万,不好的时候也就几万,但在B站上基本都能保持三四百万的播放量。
所谓“选择比努力更重要”,对于内容创作者而言,赚钱固然重要,但选择一个调性与自身内容风格契合的平台更为重要。内容创作者能够成功往往离不开正确的选择,实际上即使是从实际利益考虑,B站也前景可观。
这一点从B站近来的一些数据可以感受得到。2019年8月,B站的用户日均使用时长为83分钟,而抖音、爱奇艺、腾讯视频、快手的用户日均使用时长分别为78分钟、70分钟、68分钟和63分钟。此外根据B站2020年Q1财报来看,月活用户规模1.72亿,日活用户规模5100万,用户日均使用时长则增至87分钟,高于其他视频平台。
在“破圈”这件事上,B站也同样取得了不错的成绩。今年年初的“B站春晚”让B站声名大噪,播放量超过6000万,豆瓣评分9.2分,在网络上形成的热潮甚至超过了传统电视台的春晚。而今年五四青年节引发热议的视频《后浪》更是让B站狠狠地刷了一波“存在感”,可以预测到了年底盘点互联网年度大事件之时,必定少不了“后浪”。
这样的B站在“凶悍”的西瓜视频面前也并没显现出太多的“破绽”,可见资本和流量也并非无往而不利。遥想2017年,悟空问答挖角众多知乎“大V”答主,投入10亿预算激励用户答题,上线“答题有钱”等社区红包,时至今日,当年挥舞着钞票的悟空问答似乎没了后续,但知乎还是那个知乎。
如今的西瓜视频挖角B站与当年的情形也有颇多相似之处,不过西瓜视频比悟空问答更强势也更出名,所以这场战争的情况恐怕会更为胶着。
在这场战争中,B站并没“束手待毙”,而是已经采取了一些措施抵挡西瓜视频“重金挖角”的攻势。
其中的一个措施就是“防御”。在B站2019年百大UP主评选活动中,与头条系有合作或签约关系的一些UP主如美食家王刚、华农兄弟等虽然数据表现优异,但都未能入选。一位曾收到西瓜视频邀请却选择继续留在B站的UP主表示,除了舍不得B站,还对能否适应头条系平台的氛围有所顾虑,而如果离开就是对B站用户的一种“背叛”,之后可能就回不去了。
B站的防御行为大概就是要达到这种让UP主顾虑的效果,此举确实有效但不能过度依赖。所以B站也在不断开放更多权益,给予UP主更多带货支持和商业资源,而不再只是单纯地让内容创作者“为爱发电”。当然B站也在吸引其他平台的内容创作者并且努力扶持新人,例如高价签约原来的“斗鱼一姐”冯提莫,而且在2019年的百大UP主颁奖典礼上,有一半都是新面孔。
综上所述,B站面对来势汹汹的西瓜视频不会轻易被打倒,但如何在调性与更广泛的影响力乃至商业化能力之间找到平衡点,是B站需要面对的难题,豆瓣、知乎甚至更早的天涯论坛都面临过这个难题,B站或许可以从中借鉴经验。如果能成功通过这次试炼,那些打不死B站的困难可能会使其更加强大。
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